International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology
The International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology (IJonEST) is a peer-reviewed scholarly online proceedings journal. The IJonEST is published biannually in Summer and Winter. After the double blind-review, the accepted conference full papers from the ISTES events (www.istes.org) are published in the IJonEST. The IJonEST welcomes any research papers on engineering, science and technology using techniques from and applications in any technical knowledge domain: original theoretical works, literature reviews, research reports, social issues, psychological issues, curricula, learning environments, book reviews, and review articles. The articles should be original, unpublished, and not in consideration for publication elsewhere at the time of submission to the IJonEST. The submission cannot be withdrawn without the approval of the editorial office during the review, the revision, the production after acceptance or publication process. The final author versions of the papers should be proofread in terms of language and APA style. If any paper does not meet the language and/or APA style standards at any level of review or publication process, then it will be rejected. Please use an institutional email address for the contact author. Requests or submissions submitted using alternative or generic email addresses (e.g.; @gmail.com, @yahoo.com, @hotmail.com) will not be processed. Use of generic emails prevents unambiguous identification of the author. The template is not mandatory for articles submitted for review. The template can be used for accepted papers.
Articles may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Authors alone are responsible for the contents of their articles. The journal owns the copyright of the articles. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of the research material. The author(s) of a manuscript agree that if the manuscript is accepted for publication in the International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology (IJonEST), the published article will be copyrighted using a Creative Commons “Attribution 4.0 International” license. This license allows others to freely copy, distribute, and display the copyrighted work, and derivative works based upon it, under certain specified conditions. Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission to include any images or artwork for which they do not hold copyright in their articles, or to adapt any such images or artwork for inclusion in their articles. The copyright holder must be made explicitly aware that the image(s) or artwork will be made freely available online as part of the article under a Creative Commons “Attribution 4.0 International” license. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Enhancing Students’ Understanding of Variance Estimation through the Lens of the Bias-Variance Trade-off: From Sample Variance to Improved Insight
Understanding variance estimation is a cornerstone of statistical education. While the unbiasedness of the sample variance is a valuable property, it should not be the sole criterion for selecting an estimator. This paper advocates for incorporating mean squared error (MSE) considerations into the teaching of variance estimation in statistics classrooms. In contemporary applications, estimators with lower MSE are often preferred, even when they are biased. In this study, we first examine the relationship between the minimum-MSE variance estimators—among those based on the sum of squared deviations—and the kurtosis of the underlying population distribution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, particularly for skewed distributions, alternative estimators can substantially outperform the sample variance in terms of MSE. By using variance estimation as a framework, instructors can effectively introduce students to the bias-variance trade-off, a foundational concept in statistical estimation and model selection. To support classroom implementation, we provide a series of R codes for the simulation-based visualizations that foster students’ intuition about the interaction between bias and variance.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysing Efficiency Methods in the Health Sector
The key role of performance assessment and management was first recognized by large corporations (Bass, 1972), which achieved notable efficiency and success through structured processes and appropriate systems. This trend is reflected in the growing national and international literature on the subject. The relevance of this topic is underscored by the importance of the healthcare sector and the increasing emphasis on service quality. Like the business sector, the public sector must adopt proven methodological solutions to improve performance. Healthcare plays a vital role in society, making its analysis a significant scientific endeavour. This study explores when a healthcare institution operates efficiently and what methods can be used to measure this efficiency at different stages of development. A relative effectiveness indicator is introduced as a potential guideline for evaluating institutional performance within a defined framework. The relationship between efficiency and performance is examined in the context of long-term sustainability. While healthcare primarily focuses on healing, economic analysis is also essential, as financial factors often influence access and outcomes (Pulay, 2011). A research gap is identified in the area of performance management in publicly funded healthcare institutions. Despite existing studies, a comprehensive synthesis focusing on performance measurement and comparative effectiveness is still lacking.
Purchase Intention in E-Commerce: The Role of Trust, Customer Satisfaction and Extended Valance Framework
This paper will investigate the role of Trust, Perceived Benefit, Perceived Risk and Customer Satisfaction on Purchase Intention with E-commerce. Trust and Customer Satisfaction are two crucial metrics that play an essential role in E-commerce success (Kim et al., 2009). However, existing research has not linked antecedents to Customer Satisfaction that prompt Purchase Intention, when combined with Extended Valance Framework, which is an important topic since perceived Quality, Perceived Value and Loyalty may all have a positive relationship with Customer Satisfaction that may influence a consumer’s Purchase Intention. Using a conceptual Extended Valance Framework model the study will examine the direct and indirect effects. The findings will help the e-tailers to develop strategies to increase consumer trust, eliminate risks and drive online sales. This research will largely, contribute to the understanding of e-commerce consumer behavior and will offer practical recommendations for online businesses’ to thrive in building consumer trust and retention.
Advancing Engineering Education to Develop Industry 4.0 Skilled Workforce: Preparing Students for Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 that embraces the computerization in smart factories requires improved capacities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) fields. Nevertheless, the present circumstances in engineering education demonstrate some key challenges in preparing students for Industry 4.0, including exponential technological change, interdisciplinary cooperation, digital skills gap, curricular rigidity, lack of hands-on experience, faculty training and development. Thus, this study aims to prepare students and professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge in Industry 4.0 to thrive in the rapidly evolving landscape of the fourth industrial revolution by developing an engineering education ecosystem schematic, proposing some strategies to advance engineering education and develop an Industry 4.0 skilled workforce, and fostering innovation and interdisciplinary learning. A few contributions have been made to advance engineering education for developing Industry 4.0 skilled workforce, including developing engineering education ecosystem schematic to enhance the quality of engineering programs at community colleges through faculty development, curriculum alignment, and resource sharing. and identifying the skill set for Industry 4.0 workforce. By achieving these goals, advancing engineering education for industry 4.0 seeks to empower individuals with the skills, knowledge, and mindset needed to succeed in the digital age and contribute to the advancement of society and economy.
Automated Breast Ultrasound for Breast Lesion Detection - Literature Review
Early breast lesion detection is crucial for women. According to WHO, breast cancer caused 670 000 deaths globally in 2022. Mammography is one of the best screening tools for early breast cancer detection. Still, with a dose between 3 and 5 mGy to the glandular tissue for a typical mammographic screening examination involving two views of each breast, alternatives might be used if not necessary. Breast ultrasound is an option, especially in young patients and those with dense breasts. This paper aims to present the little-known automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) as a viable alternative to the conventional handheld ultrasound. A literature review was conducted using the keywords “automated breast ultrasound," "ABUS," "ABVUS," and "sonotomography" in the online databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. The review yielded a total of n=267 studies, of which n=83 were considered pertinent. The review was also based on the clinical experience using an ABUS machine at St. Marina University Hospital—Varna (UMHAT “St. Marina Varna”). ABUS is not widely used in most radiology clinics, even dedicated breast clinics. Automated ultrasound is a machine controlled by an X-ray technician or an ultrasonographer, which records a series of breast ultrasound images. The main advantage of the modality is the elimination of operator dependence (with some caveats, which are expanded upon in the “discussion section”), as well as the reduction of subjectivity. If previous studies are available, precise follow-up of the size and localization of breast lesions is possible. However, а suitable additional screening method, АBUS, demonstrates some disadvantages as a diagnostic tool. Some of the limitations are the absence of information for vascularization and the elasticity of a lesion. Possible artefacts include, but are not limited to, retro-areolar shadowing, breathing artefacts, and air interposition between the probe and the skin. ABUS is applicable for screening and follow-up modality, especially in settings with a large patient base or an absence of trained personnel.
A Social Work Centered Approach to Culturally Appropriate
Navigating the healthcare system could prove arduous for the average person, and even more daunting for immigrants, minority and vulnerable persons. Similarly, the proficient delivery of healthcare services that promotes total well-being to help achieve desired health outcomes can also be a cumbersome process for healthcare providers attributable to the enormous task of ensuring equitable access to healthcare. Prevailing impediments in accessing healthcare include language barriers, lack of transportation, low health literacy, payment access, cost of accessing healthcare, culture, gender disparities and mistrust of healthcare providers. The increasing impact of culture on accessing healthcare cannot be overemphasized. While several scholarly works expound on culturally appropriate healthcare and endeavor to address the barriers to accessing healthcare through a clinical or public health lens, a social work-centered approach has not been adequately used in the existing literature on culturally appropriate healthcare. This article introduces a unique viewpoint and framework by exploring culturally appropriate healthcare through a social work centered lens. It offers insights on how healthcare providers, clinicians, and social workers can position themselves to foster culturally responsive healthcare through grounding holistic assessments to help clients access healthcare that honors client identity, mitigates disparities, and fosters trust.
Continuity: From Intuition to Formalization – A Comprehensive Study
This study examines the difficulties students face in understanding the concept of continuity and its connection to key theorems such as the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. The initial hypothesis suggests that the challenge lies not in the intuitive notion of continuity, but in its mathematical formalization, which is defined through limits within a topological framework. Although students approach problems continuously and intuitively, many struggle to translate their geometric reasoning into formal algebraic representations. To support this transition, the “Robot Trajectories” activity was designed using a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach. In this task, 79 students, organized into 29 teams, analyzed different paths a robot could take to reach a target point. The trajectories, represented as piecewise polynomial functions, required students to identify the optimal route and link it to the corresponding function rule, often considering obstacles along the way. While most teams relied on geometric intuition to approach the problem, only a few succeeded in achieving a solid algebraic formalization. These results highlight the gap between intuitive understanding and mathematical formalization, emphasizing the need for support for this transition in engineering calculus education.
Fostering Junior High School Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Charles’ Law Using Contextualized-Interdisciplinary-Based Module
As climate change continues to intensify, the need for scientifically literate and environmentally conscious learners becomes increasingly urgent. This study developed and implemented a Contextualized-Interdisciplinary-Based Module (CIBM) on Charles’ Law, grounded in a Contextualized-Interdisciplinary Approach (CIA) that integrates chemistry, atmospheric science, environmental issues, and technology. Designed for Grade 10 students in the Philippines, the module aimed to enhance conceptual understanding by linking gas laws to real-world phenomena such as the greenhouse effect and rising global temperatures. Using a mixed-method quasi-experimental design, the study combined expert validation, a pretest-posttest of conceptual understanding, and thematic analysis of student reflections. Results revealed that students initially demonstrated only near-proficiency in conceptualizing the volume–temperature relationship and its environmental applications. Following the intervention, students showed significant improvement, with posttest scores reaching high proficiency levels and a large effect size (r = 0.85) confirmed through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Qualitative findings further indicated increased engagement, deeper comprehension, and stronger real-world connections, particularly in understanding climate change. The module was also positively evaluated by experts in terms of content accuracy, instructional design, language, and digital integration. These findings highlight the value of contextualized, interdisciplinary, and technology-supported pedagogy in making abstract scientific concepts more tangible, meaningful, and socially relevant. This study underscores the potential of such approaches to advance not only academic outcomes in science education but also critical awareness and preparedness to address global environmental challenges.
Contextualized-Interdisciplinary Approach Contextualized-Interdisciplinary-Based Module (CIBM)
Could Long-Term COVID-X or Autoimmune Disorders be Triggered through the Mechanical Spreading of COVID-X -Virus Invades Bacteria -Self-inclusion-?
We wrote this opinion paper exclusively based on the author's experiences. Its main proposal concerns the possibility that a bacteria may have a couple of units of coronavirus-X inside it. The reasoning is primarily physical, where several coronavirus-X units may fit inside a bacterial body. In such a situation, there is the possibility that units of coronavirus-X can be released into the human body, restarting the virus contamination—long-term coronavirus-X. It is the author's opinion that the virus could also live inside a bacteria.
Effectiveness of Engineering Design Process (EDP) in Improving Students’ Cognitive Learning Performance: A Meta-Analysis
The engineering design process (EDP) is an innovative problem-solving approach used to develop effective solutions and products. While numerous studies have explored its implementation and potential effects, its impact on cognitive learning outcomes remains unclear. Thus, this current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of EDP. Meta-analytic findings from 17 studies with 29 valid datasets published from 2015 to 2024 revealed an upper-medium effect on cognitive learning performance (g = 0.70, p < .001). Additionally, geographic region, group selection, grade level, EDP model, and EDP skills had moderating effects. Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that EDP implementation was more effective under the following conditions: (1) increased exposure to EDP, (2) smaller and (3) randomized class sizes (1-30 and 31-50 students), (4) Asian (5) high school students, and (6) the use of EDP models such as DDCTPE (Define the Problem, Decide Possible Solutions, Create the Design, Test, Present, Evaluate) and AIPCTI (Ask, Imagine, Plan, Create, Test, Improve). Overall, the engineering design process significantly enhanced core engineering knowledge and practice, as well as students' cognition and thinking.
Design and Business Methodologies, to Define the Value Proposition, Promote Innovation and Successful Entrepreneurship
In developing countries with a broad entrepreneurial spirit; some ventures are not successful because good business ideas that solve specific needs and in a sustainable manner are not chosen. This situation is because there is a lack of knowledge on how to apply design and business methodologies to define one of the most important aspects of the business: The value proposition. Promoting and developing tools that merge and synthesize existing methodologies with a practical approach to reduce the difficulties that entrepreneurs go through when formulating an innovative idea is fundamental and urgent, especially in emerging countries. Due to the importance of understanding the needs of the user and their context, design methodologies are taken as the basis for development. The result is used by the largest number of entrepreneurs, through a free Nooc, a short online course, which explains how to apply the methodological tools developed, massifying access to knowledge
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Temporality and its Effect on the Painting Medium of Expression as an Ontological Tool
This article starts from certain more recent perspectives on contemporary painting seen as both a consequence of media hybridization and a condition of Post-Medium (Krauss). In this techno-scientific era of conquering new territories of knowledge, modern painting has reflected its perpetual overcoming of the limits offered by its medium of expression through the so-called revolution of forms, ultimately leading to surpassing the spatial (two-dimensional) limits of the canvas by borrowing from the spatiality and performative nature of temporal manifestation which unfolds to the viewer step by step. At the same time, in this study, new needs for deeper understanding and clarification arise regarding the possibility of painting (art) for ontological revision manifested over time by probing its temporal implications - the way it relates to the past, present, or future - which have influenced these transformations within its medium of expression for understanding the present and shifts in thinking within the new paradigms through comparative analysis.
Preparing Critical Infrastructure for Post-Quantum Cryptography: Strategies for Transitioning Ahead of Cryptanalytically Relevant Quantum Computing
As Cryptanalytically Relevant Quantum Computing (CRQC) approaches, organizations managing critical infrastructure must prepare to transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). This paper provides comprehensive guidance for this transition, addressing the challenges of quantum computing to current cryptographic systems. It presents a framework for the efficient and timely adoption of PQC within critical infrastructure. The study examines the current development of PQC, evaluates vulnerabilities in legacy cryptographic algorithms, and identifies key strategies for mitigating risks associated with quantum computing. The proposed framework includes a multi-faceted approach, encompassing the evaluation and selection of PQC algorithms, developing a phased transition plan, and establishing governance structures to ensure the long-term viability of quantum-resistant cryptographic infrastructure. Additionally, the paper underscores the importance of collaboration among business leaders, governmental bodies, and educational institutions to promote knowledge sharing and accelerate the adoption of PQC standards. By proactively addressing the challenges of transitioning to PQC, organizations can enhance the resilience of critical infrastructure, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data in the face of advancing quantum computing capabilities.
Cryptanalytically Relevant Quantum Computing
Evaluation of the Potential Application of a Portable and Wireless Spectrometer in the Forensic and Medical Field
The application of a wireless portable spectrometer for the quantitative detection of Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a commonly abused drug, was explored. Unlike existing portable tests that only detect the presence of GHB, the developed method provides quantitative information. The previously published colorimetric test, involving the formation of the ferric complex of GHB, was modified for spectrometric detection. The absorbance of the purple ferric complex exhibits a linear relationship with the concentration of GHB, showing an average coefficient of determination (r2) value of 0.7676. The reproducibility of the developed method was evaluated through an inter-day study of the calibration curve. Results indicate that the method for spectrometric detection of GHB has good precision (RSD = 5.94%).The performance of the wireless portable spectrometer for detecting GHB using the developed method was compared with that of a benchtop spectrometer. Results show that the r2 value for the wireless portable spectrometer and the benchtop spectrometer is 0.8178 and 0.7532, respectively. This suggests that the performance of the portable spectrometer is comparable to that of the benchtop spectrometer. It is demonstrated that the wireless portable spectrometer can perform quantitative analysis for GHB and has potential for onsite application at crime scenes and first response sites.
Influence of Anesthetic Agents and the Perioperative Period on Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with its burden expected to increase, particularly in aging populations. The perioperative period and anesthetic techniques used during cancer surgeries are increasingly recognized as factors that may influence cancer recurrence and metastasis. This study investigates the impact of anesthetic agents and perioperative management on cancer outcomes in Iraqi patients. This study involved 68 Iraqi patients (42 males and 26 females) with various types of cancer, including prostate, colorectal, bladder, lung, cervical, breast, and ovarian cancers. The patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia, with follow-up assessments focusing on cancer recurrence, metastasis, and mortality rates. Serum levels of Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) were measured using the VIDAS® immunoassay technique. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 24, with results expressed as mean, standard deviation, and p-values. The study found a higher mortality rate in male patients (54%) compared to females (46%), with survival rates significantly higher in females. Cancer recurrence was observed in 46% of males and 43% of females. Serum levels of CA15-3 were significantly elevated in both male (77.97±2.44 kU/l) and female (96.33±3.66 kU/l) patients, indicating its potential as a diagnostic marker for cancer recurrence and metastasis. The results suggest that anesthetic agents, through their direct and indirect effects on tumor cells and the immune system, may influence cancer progression and patient outcomes. This study highlights the importance of considering anesthetic techniques and perioperative management in cancer surgeries to minimize the risk of recurrence and metastasis. The findings suggest that elevated CA15-3 levels could serve as a valuable biomarker for monitoring cancer recurrence. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms by which anesthetic agents and perioperative factors contribute to cancer outcomes, potentially leading to improved perioperative protocols for cancer patients.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Chunk Teaching Method in English Writing Teaching in China’s Middle Schools
Anchored in the researchers’ investigation and experience during the internship at a middle school in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, this dissertation, carried out under the guidance of the theory of chunk teaching method, sorts out the current research results and findings on chunk teaching method, and then analyzes the differences between the chunk teaching method and other traditional writing teaching methods from the perspectives of contents and functions, which draws a conclusion that the utilization of chunk teaching method in China is of great significance to the improvement of middle school students’ abilities in English writing. Before writing this paper, researchers conducted a series of preliminary preparations such as questionnaires, interviews and the same-topic writing tests. With that in mind, this dissertation reveals the chunk teaching method’s capability of more or strengthening middle students’ English writing ability, and thus demonstrates the effectiveness of chunk recitation in English writing teaching in China’s middle schools, which provides reference and critical materials for scholars in this field.
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An Algorithm for Detecting Sentence Validity
In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for determining the grammatical validity of a sentence. We take a similar approach as in (Preller, 2007) and (Lambek, Type Grammar Revisited, 1999) (Lambek, From word to sentence: a computational algebraic approach to grammar, 2008) by encoding the English words based on word type which we call components. A sentence can be described both algebraically and geometrically. Our algorithm generates the geometric portion called underlinks from the generalized reductions of the algebraic portion. Underlinks uniquely determine the reduction of the components leading to the empty string. This is the mathematical basis for determining if a sentence is valid. We also provide a proof for the algorithm’s time complexity of O(n2) along with a Python implementation. This paper is part of a bigger project based on (Coecke, Mehrnoosh, & Clarky, 2010) where we explore the combination of a sentence’s grammar and meaning. This is done by combining two compact closed categories; pregroups represent the grammar of a sentence, and finite dimensional vector spaces describe the meaning of a sentence. Together one compact closed category is created, representing both aspects of the sentence.
Business manager training and employee support
The world is changing, and with it the way we work and how we relate to our work. Businesses face many challenges to which they must adapt if they hope to remain competitive. In addition to the question of an ecological transition, respect for human rights and working conditions is essential. Today, faced with recruitment difficulties and turnover issues, well-being and the quality of life in the workplace have become priorities for companies that wish to maintain their attractiveness and keep their current employees; in this context, motivation is an essential variable. As such, it is necessary to look into current managerial practices and skills and their underlying factors. In this context, we are interested in the impact of managerial practices on employees. The two principal means of becoming a manager are to be promoted “internally” or recruited externally; these two manager profiles differ in training, professional experience and organizational culture. Stemming from the theoretical field of social psychology, notably the “Five core social motives” model (Fiske, 2003), we reflect upon the issue of managerial practices in the context of a France-based business.
An Examination of Learning Using Fourier Analysis of Mathematical Models of Consciousness
The concept of consciousness remains quite possibly the ultimate mystery for humanity. It is somehow linked to the ability to learn and experience the external environment. The process of learning is of utmost importance to any species and yet remains largely not understood. While many experts from varying fields throughout history have attempted to quantify and measure learning, all failed to capture the process with a mathematical explanation. The purpose of this paper is to present three different models of consciousness and their related Fourier transform and evaluate the ability of each to capture some of the behavior that is understood about the conscious experience. There is some evidence that the experience of consciousness as a function of time can be measured in an expression of phase. With this hypothesis, the technique of Fourier transform becomes a useful tool to examine a mathematical model of consciousness that can be transformed from the phase plane to the linearization of time. This paper summarizes some current research on consciousness and learning and perception of time. This paper then presents three different models of consciousness represented as a pulse function, Dirac Delta function, and exponential decay function and examines each model utilizing Fourier transform. Finally, this paper concludes that the intersection between psychology, neuroscience and cognitive science can be made by utilizing analysis tools in the field of applied mathematics.
Integrating Small Team Project-Based Learning in Introductory Manufacturing Engineering Technology: Design, Manufacture, and Race Hot Wheels-Type Cars
We propose a compelling session for the ICONEST Conference 2023 that explores the innovative integration of small team project-based learning into introductory manufacturing engineering technology related courses. Our focus is on a hands-on project: designing, manufacturing, and racing Hot Wheels-type cars. This engaging project encompasses various facets of manufacturing engineering technology that includes simple design, manufacturing and assembly planning travelers, scheduling, budgeting, bill of materials, quality inspection, assembly and testing. Educators will gain insights into effective approaches, bridging the gap between theory and practice while equipping students with practical skills. We will explore the use of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software, fundamental tools in modern engineering, as well as explore simple machining, water jet cutting, and additive manufacturing. By incorporating project-based learning into our course curriculum, we not only foster a deep understanding of manufacturing principles but also cultivate problem-solving, teamwork, and creativity among students. The Hot Wheels-type car project is an ideal vehicle for teaching the entire manufacturing process, from conceptualization to execution and the students enjoy the competition. We believe that our proposal will make a valuable contribution to the conference's mission of advancing engineering technology education, and we look forward to engaging with colleagues and experts to further enhance the quality of manufacturing engineering technology and similar technology programs.
Statistical Manipulation: An Analysis of Potential Economic Data Tampering
Information on a country’s economy is important for many parties, including domestic politicians, potential investors, and international financial institutions. However, an individual country’s official statistics are generated and published by the governing body, creating the opportunity for manipulation of these measures. Our research is based on the assumptions that all governments are incentivized to exaggerate economic metrics and that stricter measures on civil liberties, like speech and media, allow for this manipulation to remain. We identified two variables suitable for proxying economic growth, per capita Health Care Expenditure (HCE) and per person electricity consumption to compare to the stated economic data. We utilized a Fixed Effect-OLS regression to find the relationship between these proxy variables and Gross Domestic Product dependent on government type for 151 countries from 2000-2020. Our research revealed that, despite two government-type indicators, the relationship between electricity consumption and GDP was greater with more autocratic governments. This provides evidence to support that autocratic governments may manipulate their economic data. This research expands upon the literature on the role both corruption and government style have on GDP, as well as providing additional evidence that governments may have manipulated economic statistics.
The Use of GIS for Land Use Planning: Recommendations for PPGIS in the United States
GIS (Geographic Information Systems) provide the ability to present multifaceted data in a clear and understandable manner, enabling various stakeholders to be informed and actively participate in discussions about future changes to land use. The use of GIS allows for the analysis of complex spatial and temporal data, aiding in community planning and development, resource conservation, and efficient land utilization. While GIS resources have become more accessible in recent years, land use planners in the US have not fully utilized this tool in regards to engaging the public and gaining their feedback in the planning process. In contrast, European countries like Finland and Poland continuously use PPGIS (Public Participation Geographic Information Systems) and publish their processes frequently. A literature review of PPGIS publications from 2015-2023 provides an overview of the limitations of PPGIS and the barriers for use, including lack of participation and limited funding. A review of the literature, as well as an analysis of the impact of the COVID pandemic, are used to determine best practices for incorporating PPGIS into land use planning processes in the US. Recommendations for improving the use of PPGIS in the US include utilizing training programs, active participation in community meetings, and using multiple methods to engage the public.
Using a Next-Gen Platform and Deeply Digital Curricula to Support Alpha and iGen Learners and Their Teachers
Current curricula and pedagogy need to change to effectively support the learning needs of the Alphas and iGens. The Alpha Generation, children born after 2012, known as the “digital-first” generation, have grown up on hand-held, digital screens not watching television or reading paper-based books. Similarly, the iGens, also known as Gen Zs, university students born between 1995 and 2012, are the first generation to spend their entire adolescence in the age of the smartphone. "With social media and texting replacing other activities, iGen spends less time with their friends in person” (Twenge, 2017). The COVID disruption further pushed the Alphas and iGens onto screens for social interaction and learning. Returning to paper-and-pencil curricula and pedagogy does not serve the needs of these generations. The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) (2010) issued a prescient report describing the potential for deeply-digital curricula to “provide a richer and more engaging experience through interactive components, videos, simulations, hyperlinks …” (p. 77). Alphas' and iGens' deeply-digital experiences outside of school have them expecting deeply-digital learning experiences inside of school. Toward addressing the learning needs of Alphas in Kindergarten through sixth grade and iGen university students, we have been studying how deeply-digital, highly-interactive curricula plus digitally-motivated, pedagogical practices can increase their engagement and achievement in both in-class and remote learning environments.
Rheophysical Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Flow in Microcracks
The rheophysical aspects of the non-Newtonian behavior of oil-water emulsion during flow in thin channels are considered experimentally. Using the microchannel model it is established that the nonlinear rheological effect in the flow of oil-water emulsion in micro-slits is mainly caused by the value of the electrokinetic potential of the system, by reducing of which it is possible to significantly weaken the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid. To regulate the electrokinetic potential, antistatic additives were used, the optimal concentration of which was established experimentally. Based on the Bingham model, rheological parameters of oil-water flow were estimated at different micro-slit clearances, in the absence and presence of an antistatic additive. It is established that a reduction in the electrical potential leads to a significant decrease in the yield shear stress during the fluid flow in the microchannel.
The Role of the Communication Discipline at Technical Faculties
Students newly admitted to the university must familiarize with the higher education system, must survive to the transition from pre-university system and adapt to the style of learning/organization/evaluation, basically have to adjust to student life. This change from the pre-university system to the university one has a major influence on the young person on several aspects. Some concern personal life, because it is possible for him to access a university in another city or country and then break up with his friends and his current partner. This factor, among many others, can influence school dropout. Thus, in first years of study, the Communication discipline was introduced in the faculties with a technical profile, precisely to improve and facilitate communication in the new environment in which young people develop and to encourage them to work in a team. The paper presents the analysis of the way in which the aforementioned discipline influences interpersonal communication and obviously friendship relations between new colleagues. Two questionnaires were proposed: one for initial evaluation and one after the semester passed, completed by students at the first and at last seminar. The results showed that this discipline is really important and brings added value to collegial relations.
The Impact of Robotic Automation on Industrial and Productive Enterprises in Achieving Entrepreneurship
A corporation or company's production velocity and efficiency are essential. It is necessary to use robotic automation to create a successful organization in a competitive business environment. Recent investments have been made in robots across a wider range of manufacturing sectors. In this era of industry, recent advances in robotics technology are dramatically transforming the business and entrepreneurial landscape. Today, robotics is already well established in many areas of our professional, personal, and even daily lives. This technology can develop and modernize commercial processes, innovative ideas, services, and products and solve complex tasks by producing new results for the massive growth of entrepreneurial activities. This study aims to outline the significance of the impact of investment in robotic automation on business performance and employment at the enterprise level and its further perspectives. Following the review of the most important international articles on exploiting this technology, we conducted a brief study on an Algerian factory to learn about the level of use of robotics technology and its future prospects.
Enhancing Efficiency and Safety in Self-Guided Logistics Vehicles: A Comprehensive Analysis and Integration of Hardware and Control Systems
Self-guided logistics vehicles have become increasingly popular in various industries and warehouses for material lifting and transportation purposes. These automated systems have proven to be valuable in both small-scale production lines and large areas. However, challenges persist in the field of logistics, where industries and factories face difficulties in efficiently transporting materials. In response to these challenges, self-guided vehicles have been employed, but issues such as collisions with obstacles, material falls, and rigid path constraints have been observed. This project aims to address these challenges by implementing hardware safety precautions and incorporating routing and scheduling capabilities to enhance system automation. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of hardware safety precautions and highlights key features including sensors, actuators, and control systems, which contribute to the overall efficiency and smooth operation of the self-guided logistics vehicle system. By integrating these elements, the system can overcome obstacles, ensure material safety, and adapt to changing traffic conditions, thereby optimizing logistics operations in industries and warehouses.
Advancing Image Database Technologies in Clinical Decision Support Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
Image data has played a crucial role in the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). While numerous studies have focused on developing techniques to extract valuable information from image data to aid in disease diagnosis, there is a lack of attention on the storage and retrieval technologies for image database. Extracting information from image data for decision making models requires a substantial volume of image data. However, images often come with large file sizes due to their high resolution and complex details, and compressing such data may lead to the loss of critical diagnostic information. Thus, the challenge lies in preserving the relevant information within images while managing data volume. This literature review aims to explore existing research on image-specific database systems, and their techniques for image data storage and information retrieval to enhance the application of images within CDSS. The review also brings attention to the need for specialized database systems that are tailored to handle the unique characteristics of clinical image data. Consequently, this review serves as a foundation for future research endeavors aimed at advancing image data management and utilization in the realm of medical diagnosis and beyond.
Implementation of the High-Performance Computing Summer Institute at Jackson State University
Between May 25, 2023 and June 21, 2023, we hosted the inaugural four-week High-Performance Computing Summer Institute at Jackson State University. This endeavor was made possible through the support of a three-year NSF CISE-MSI grant. The primary objective of this Summer Institute revolved around the engagement, education, and empowerment of minority and underrepresented students in the realm of High-Performance Computing (HPC) within the field of engineering. Nine undergraduate students with diverse background were recruited to participate in this program. Throughout the program, we immersed these students in a comprehensive curriculum that covered various critical facets of HPC. This curriculum encompassed hands-on instruction in Linux operating system command-line operations, C programming within the Linux environment, fundamental HPC concepts, parallel computing utilizing the Message Passing Interface (MPI) library, and GPU computing through OpenCL. Additionally, we delved into foundational aspects of fluid mechanics, geometric modeling, mesh generation, flow simulation via our in-house flow solvers, and the visualization of solutions. At the end of the program, every participant was tasked with delivering an oral presentation and submitting a written report encapsulating their acquired knowledge and experiences during the program. We are excited to share a detailed overview of our program's implementation with our audience. This includes insights into our utilization of ChatGPT to enhance C programming learning and our suggestion of the NSF ACCESS resources to gain access to HPC systems. We are proud to announce that the program has achieved remarkable success, as evidenced by the positive feedback we received from the participants.
Improving Engineering Education through Utilization of Virtual Reality
Traditional methods (TM) for delivering engineering education are not aligned with rapid technological development. Engineering basic workshops as a fundamental course for engineering students are commonly provided through traditional education methods and depend mainly on understanding both the theoretical concepts and practical tasks. Simulation as advanced technology is trending where applications of virtual reality (VR) can be used as an effective teaching tool in education and boost the students’ engagement in the courses. This study focuses on improving the traditional learning method used in mechanical engineering basic workshops by utilizing VR. A time study was conducted for both traditional and VR methods to identify the time required to complete all tasks. A facility layout redesign for the current workshop lab was proposed along with a direct cost study. It was found that the use of VR allowed students to understand the course experiments, achieved significant improvement in students’ performance, and enhanced the learning experience for engineering students.