International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology
The International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology (IJonEST) is a peer-reviewed scholarly online journal. The IJonEST is published quarterly in Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall. After the double blind-review, the accepted papers are published in the IJonEST. The IJonEST welcomes any research papers on engineering, science and technology using techniques from and applications in any technical knowledge domain: original theoretical works, literature reviews, research reports, social issues, psychological issues, curricula, learning environments, book reviews, and review articles. The articles should be original, unpublished, and not in consideration for publication elsewhere at the time of submission to the IJonEST. The submission cannot be withdrawn without the approval of the editorial office during the review, the revision, the production after acceptance or publication process. The final author versions of the papers should be proofread in terms of language and APA style. If any paper does not meet the language and/or APA style standards at any level of review or publication process, then it will be rejected. Please use an institutional email address for the contact author. Requests or submissions submitted using alternative or generic email addresses (e.g.; @gmail.com, @yahoo.com, @hotmail.com) will not be processed. Use of generic emails prevents unambiguous identification of the author. The template is not mandatory for articles submitted for review. The template can be used for accepted papers.
Articles may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Authors alone are responsible for the contents of their articles. The journal owns the copyright of the articles. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of the research material. The author(s) of a manuscript agree that if the manuscript is accepted for publication in the International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology (IJonEST), the published article will be copyrighted using a Creative Commons “Attribution 4.0 International” license. This license allows others to freely copy, distribute, and display the copyrighted work, and derivative works based upon it, under certain specified conditions. Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission to include any images or artwork for which they do not hold copyright in their articles, or to adapt any such images or artwork for inclusion in their articles. The copyright holder must be made explicitly aware that the image(s) or artwork will be made freely available online as part of the article under a Creative Commons “Attribution 4.0 International” license. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Temporality and its Effect on the Painting Medium of Expression as an Ontological Tool
This article starts from certain more recent perspectives on contemporary painting seen as both a consequence of media hybridization and a condition of Post-Medium (Krauss). In this techno-scientific era of conquering new territories of knowledge, modern painting has reflected its perpetual overcoming of the limits offered by its medium of expression through the so-called revolution of forms, ultimately leading to surpassing the spatial (two-dimensional) limits of the canvas by borrowing from the spatiality and performative nature of temporal manifestation which unfolds to the viewer step by step. At the same time, in this study, new needs for deeper understanding and clarification arise regarding the possibility of painting (art) for ontological revision manifested over time by probing its temporal implications - the way it relates to the past, present, or future - which have influenced these transformations within its medium of expression for understanding the present and shifts in thinking within the new paradigms through comparative analysis.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Business Methodologies, to Define the Value Proposition, Promote Innovation and Successful Entrepreneurship
In developing countries with a broad entrepreneurial spirit; some ventures are not successful because good business ideas that solve specific needs and in a sustainable manner are not chosen. This situation is because there is a lack of knowledge on how to apply design and business methodologies to define one of the most important aspects of the business: The value proposition. Promoting and developing tools that merge and synthesize existing methodologies with a practical approach to reduce the difficulties that entrepreneurs go through when formulating an innovative idea is fundamental and urgent, especially in emerging countries. Due to the importance of understanding the needs of the user and their context, design methodologies are taken as the basis for development. The result is used by the largest number of entrepreneurs, through a free Nooc, a short online course, which explains how to apply the methodological tools developed, massifying access to knowledge
Preparing Critical Infrastructure for Post-Quantum Cryptography: Strategies for Transitioning Ahead of Cryptanalytically Relevant Quantum Computing
As Cryptanalytically Relevant Quantum Computing (CRQC) approaches, organizations managing critical infrastructure must prepare to transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). This paper provides comprehensive guidance for this transition, addressing the challenges of quantum computing to current cryptographic systems. It presents a framework for the efficient and timely adoption of PQC within critical infrastructure. The study examines the current development of PQC, evaluates vulnerabilities in legacy cryptographic algorithms, and identifies key strategies for mitigating risks associated with quantum computing. The proposed framework includes a multi-faceted approach, encompassing the evaluation and selection of PQC algorithms, developing a phased transition plan, and establishing governance structures to ensure the long-term viability of quantum-resistant cryptographic infrastructure. Additionally, the paper underscores the importance of collaboration among business leaders, governmental bodies, and educational institutions to promote knowledge sharing and accelerate the adoption of PQC standards. By proactively addressing the challenges of transitioning to PQC, organizations can enhance the resilience of critical infrastructure, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data in the face of advancing quantum computing capabilities.
Cryptanalytically Relevant Quantum Computing
Evaluation of the Potential Application of a Portable and Wireless Spectrometer in the Forensic and Medical Field
The application of a wireless portable spectrometer for the quantitative detection of Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a commonly abused drug, was explored. Unlike existing portable tests that only detect the presence of GHB, the developed method provides quantitative information. The previously published colorimetric test, involving the formation of the ferric complex of GHB, was modified for spectrometric detection. The absorbance of the purple ferric complex exhibits a linear relationship with the concentration of GHB, showing an average coefficient of determination (r2) value of 0.7676. The reproducibility of the developed method was evaluated through an inter-day study of the calibration curve. Results indicate that the method for spectrometric detection of GHB has good precision (RSD = 5.94%).The performance of the wireless portable spectrometer for detecting GHB using the developed method was compared with that of a benchtop spectrometer. Results show that the r2 value for the wireless portable spectrometer and the benchtop spectrometer is 0.8178 and 0.7532, respectively. This suggests that the performance of the portable spectrometer is comparable to that of the benchtop spectrometer. It is demonstrated that the wireless portable spectrometer can perform quantitative analysis for GHB and has potential for onsite application at crime scenes and first response sites.
Influence of Anesthetic Agents and the Perioperative Period on Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with its burden expected to increase, particularly in aging populations. The perioperative period and anesthetic techniques used during cancer surgeries are increasingly recognized as factors that may influence cancer recurrence and metastasis. This study investigates the impact of anesthetic agents and perioperative management on cancer outcomes in Iraqi patients. This study involved 68 Iraqi patients (42 males and 26 females) with various types of cancer, including prostate, colorectal, bladder, lung, cervical, breast, and ovarian cancers. The patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia, with follow-up assessments focusing on cancer recurrence, metastasis, and mortality rates. Serum levels of Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) were measured using the VIDAS® immunoassay technique. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 24, with results expressed as mean, standard deviation, and p-values. The study found a higher mortality rate in male patients (54%) compared to females (46%), with survival rates significantly higher in females. Cancer recurrence was observed in 46% of males and 43% of females. Serum levels of CA15-3 were significantly elevated in both male (77.97±2.44 kU/l) and female (96.33±3.66 kU/l) patients, indicating its potential as a diagnostic marker for cancer recurrence and metastasis. The results suggest that anesthetic agents, through their direct and indirect effects on tumor cells and the immune system, may influence cancer progression and patient outcomes. This study highlights the importance of considering anesthetic techniques and perioperative management in cancer surgeries to minimize the risk of recurrence and metastasis. The findings suggest that elevated CA15-3 levels could serve as a valuable biomarker for monitoring cancer recurrence. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms by which anesthetic agents and perioperative factors contribute to cancer outcomes, potentially leading to improved perioperative protocols for cancer patients.
Business manager training and employee support
The world is changing, and with it the way we work and how we relate to our work. Businesses face many challenges to which they must adapt if they hope to remain competitive. In addition to the question of an ecological transition, respect for human rights and working conditions is essential. Today, faced with recruitment difficulties and turnover issues, well-being and the quality of life in the workplace have become priorities for companies that wish to maintain their attractiveness and keep their current employees; in this context, motivation is an essential variable. As such, it is necessary to look into current managerial practices and skills and their underlying factors. In this context, we are interested in the impact of managerial practices on employees. The two principal means of becoming a manager are to be promoted “internally” or recruited externally; these two manager profiles differ in training, professional experience and organizational culture. Stemming from the theoretical field of social psychology, notably the “Five core social motives” model (Fiske, 2003), we reflect upon the issue of managerial practices in the context of a France-based business.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology
Integrating Small Team Project-Based Learning in Introductory Manufacturing Engineering Technology: Design, Manufacture, and Race Hot Wheels-Type Cars
We propose a compelling session for the ICONEST Conference 2023 that explores the innovative integration of small team project-based learning into introductory manufacturing engineering technology related courses. Our focus is on a hands-on project: designing, manufacturing, and racing Hot Wheels-type cars. This engaging project encompasses various facets of manufacturing engineering technology that includes simple design, manufacturing and assembly planning travelers, scheduling, budgeting, bill of materials, quality inspection, assembly and testing. Educators will gain insights into effective approaches, bridging the gap between theory and practice while equipping students with practical skills. We will explore the use of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software, fundamental tools in modern engineering, as well as explore simple machining, water jet cutting, and additive manufacturing. By incorporating project-based learning into our course curriculum, we not only foster a deep understanding of manufacturing principles but also cultivate problem-solving, teamwork, and creativity among students. The Hot Wheels-type car project is an ideal vehicle for teaching the entire manufacturing process, from conceptualization to execution and the students enjoy the competition. We believe that our proposal will make a valuable contribution to the conference's mission of advancing engineering technology education, and we look forward to engaging with colleagues and experts to further enhance the quality of manufacturing engineering technology and similar technology programs.
An Algorithm for Detecting Sentence Validity
In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for determining the grammatical validity of a sentence. We take a similar approach as in (Preller, 2007) and (Lambek, Type Grammar Revisited, 1999) (Lambek, From word to sentence: a computational algebraic approach to grammar, 2008) by encoding the English words based on word type which we call components. A sentence can be described both algebraically and geometrically. Our algorithm generates the geometric portion called underlinks from the generalized reductions of the algebraic portion. Underlinks uniquely determine the reduction of the components leading to the empty string. This is the mathematical basis for determining if a sentence is valid. We also provide a proof for the algorithm’s time complexity of O(n2) along with a Python implementation. This paper is part of a bigger project based on (Coecke, Mehrnoosh, & Clarky, 2010) where we explore the combination of a sentence’s grammar and meaning. This is done by combining two compact closed categories; pregroups represent the grammar of a sentence, and finite dimensional vector spaces describe the meaning of a sentence. Together one compact closed category is created, representing both aspects of the sentence.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Chunk Teaching Method in English Writing Teaching in China’s Middle Schools
Anchored in the researchers’ investigation and experience during the internship at a middle school in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, this dissertation, carried out under the guidance of the theory of chunk teaching method, sorts out the current research results and findings on chunk teaching method, and then analyzes the differences between the chunk teaching method and other traditional writing teaching methods from the perspectives of contents and functions, which draws a conclusion that the utilization of chunk teaching method in China is of great significance to the improvement of middle school students’ abilities in English writing. Before writing this paper, researchers conducted a series of preliminary preparations such as questionnaires, interviews and the same-topic writing tests. With that in mind, this dissertation reveals the chunk teaching method’s capability of more or strengthening middle students’ English writing ability, and thus demonstrates the effectiveness of chunk recitation in English writing teaching in China’s middle schools, which provides reference and critical materials for scholars in this field.
An Examination of Learning Using Fourier Analysis of Mathematical Models of Consciousness
The concept of consciousness remains quite possibly the ultimate mystery for humanity. It is somehow linked to the ability to learn and experience the external environment. The process of learning is of utmost importance to any species and yet remains largely not understood. While many experts from varying fields throughout history have attempted to quantify and measure learning, all failed to capture the process with a mathematical explanation. The purpose of this paper is to present three different models of consciousness and their related Fourier transform and evaluate the ability of each to capture some of the behavior that is understood about the conscious experience. There is some evidence that the experience of consciousness as a function of time can be measured in an expression of phase. With this hypothesis, the technique of Fourier transform becomes a useful tool to examine a mathematical model of consciousness that can be transformed from the phase plane to the linearization of time. This paper summarizes some current research on consciousness and learning and perception of time. This paper then presents three different models of consciousness represented as a pulse function, Dirac Delta function, and exponential decay function and examines each model utilizing Fourier transform. Finally, this paper concludes that the intersection between psychology, neuroscience and cognitive science can be made by utilizing analysis tools in the field of applied mathematics.
Statistical Manipulation: An Analysis of Potential Economic Data Tampering
Information on a country’s economy is important for many parties, including domestic politicians, potential investors, and international financial institutions. However, an individual country’s official statistics are generated and published by the governing body, creating the opportunity for manipulation of these measures. Our research is based on the assumptions that all governments are incentivized to exaggerate economic metrics and that stricter measures on civil liberties, like speech and media, allow for this manipulation to remain. We identified two variables suitable for proxying economic growth, per capita Health Care Expenditure (HCE) and per person electricity consumption to compare to the stated economic data. We utilized a Fixed Effect-OLS regression to find the relationship between these proxy variables and Gross Domestic Product dependent on government type for 151 countries from 2000-2020. Our research revealed that, despite two government-type indicators, the relationship between electricity consumption and GDP was greater with more autocratic governments. This provides evidence to support that autocratic governments may manipulate their economic data. This research expands upon the literature on the role both corruption and government style have on GDP, as well as providing additional evidence that governments may have manipulated economic statistics.
The Use of GIS for Land Use Planning: Recommendations for PPGIS in the United States
GIS (Geographic Information Systems) provide the ability to present multifaceted data in a clear and understandable manner, enabling various stakeholders to be informed and actively participate in discussions about future changes to land use. The use of GIS allows for the analysis of complex spatial and temporal data, aiding in community planning and development, resource conservation, and efficient land utilization. While GIS resources have become more accessible in recent years, land use planners in the US have not fully utilized this tool in regards to engaging the public and gaining their feedback in the planning process. In contrast, European countries like Finland and Poland continuously use PPGIS (Public Participation Geographic Information Systems) and publish their processes frequently. A literature review of PPGIS publications from 2015-2023 provides an overview of the limitations of PPGIS and the barriers for use, including lack of participation and limited funding. A review of the literature, as well as an analysis of the impact of the COVID pandemic, are used to determine best practices for incorporating PPGIS into land use planning processes in the US. Recommendations for improving the use of PPGIS in the US include utilizing training programs, active participation in community meetings, and using multiple methods to engage the public.
Improving Engineering Education through Utilization of Virtual Reality
Traditional methods (TM) for delivering engineering education are not aligned with rapid technological development. Engineering basic workshops as a fundamental course for engineering students are commonly provided through traditional education methods and depend mainly on understanding both the theoretical concepts and practical tasks. Simulation as advanced technology is trending where applications of virtual reality (VR) can be used as an effective teaching tool in education and boost the students’ engagement in the courses. This study focuses on improving the traditional learning method used in mechanical engineering basic workshops by utilizing VR. A time study was conducted for both traditional and VR methods to identify the time required to complete all tasks. A facility layout redesign for the current workshop lab was proposed along with a direct cost study. It was found that the use of VR allowed students to understand the course experiments, achieved significant improvement in students’ performance, and enhanced the learning experience for engineering students.
Advancing Image Database Technologies in Clinical Decision Support Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
Image data has played a crucial role in the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). While numerous studies have focused on developing techniques to extract valuable information from image data to aid in disease diagnosis, there is a lack of attention on the storage and retrieval technologies for image database. Extracting information from image data for decision making models requires a substantial volume of image data. However, images often come with large file sizes due to their high resolution and complex details, and compressing such data may lead to the loss of critical diagnostic information. Thus, the challenge lies in preserving the relevant information within images while managing data volume. This literature review aims to explore existing research on image-specific database systems, and their techniques for image data storage and information retrieval to enhance the application of images within CDSS. The review also brings attention to the need for specialized database systems that are tailored to handle the unique characteristics of clinical image data. Consequently, this review serves as a foundation for future research endeavors aimed at advancing image data management and utilization in the realm of medical diagnosis and beyond.
The Impact of Robotic Automation on Industrial and Productive Enterprises in Achieving Entrepreneurship
A corporation or company's production velocity and efficiency are essential. It is necessary to use robotic automation to create a successful organization in a competitive business environment. Recent investments have been made in robots across a wider range of manufacturing sectors. In this era of industry, recent advances in robotics technology are dramatically transforming the business and entrepreneurial landscape. Today, robotics is already well established in many areas of our professional, personal, and even daily lives. This technology can develop and modernize commercial processes, innovative ideas, services, and products and solve complex tasks by producing new results for the massive growth of entrepreneurial activities. This study aims to outline the significance of the impact of investment in robotic automation on business performance and employment at the enterprise level and its further perspectives. Following the review of the most important international articles on exploiting this technology, we conducted a brief study on an Algerian factory to learn about the level of use of robotics technology and its future prospects.
Rheophysical Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Flow in Microcracks
The rheophysical aspects of the non-Newtonian behavior of oil-water emulsion during flow in thin channels are considered experimentally. Using the microchannel model it is established that the nonlinear rheological effect in the flow of oil-water emulsion in micro-slits is mainly caused by the value of the electrokinetic potential of the system, by reducing of which it is possible to significantly weaken the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid. To regulate the electrokinetic potential, antistatic additives were used, the optimal concentration of which was established experimentally. Based on the Bingham model, rheological parameters of oil-water flow were estimated at different micro-slit clearances, in the absence and presence of an antistatic additive. It is established that a reduction in the electrical potential leads to a significant decrease in the yield shear stress during the fluid flow in the microchannel.
The Role of the Communication Discipline at Technical Faculties
Students newly admitted to the university must familiarize with the higher education system, must survive to the transition from pre-university system and adapt to the style of learning/organization/evaluation, basically have to adjust to student life. This change from the pre-university system to the university one has a major influence on the young person on several aspects. Some concern personal life, because it is possible for him to access a university in another city or country and then break up with his friends and his current partner. This factor, among many others, can influence school dropout. Thus, in first years of study, the Communication discipline was introduced in the faculties with a technical profile, precisely to improve and facilitate communication in the new environment in which young people develop and to encourage them to work in a team. The paper presents the analysis of the way in which the aforementioned discipline influences interpersonal communication and obviously friendship relations between new colleagues. Two questionnaires were proposed: one for initial evaluation and one after the semester passed, completed by students at the first and at last seminar. The results showed that this discipline is really important and brings added value to collegial relations.
Enhancing Efficiency and Safety in Self-Guided Logistics Vehicles: A Comprehensive Analysis and Integration of Hardware and Control Systems
Self-guided logistics vehicles have become increasingly popular in various industries and warehouses for material lifting and transportation purposes. These automated systems have proven to be valuable in both small-scale production lines and large areas. However, challenges persist in the field of logistics, where industries and factories face difficulties in efficiently transporting materials. In response to these challenges, self-guided vehicles have been employed, but issues such as collisions with obstacles, material falls, and rigid path constraints have been observed. This project aims to address these challenges by implementing hardware safety precautions and incorporating routing and scheduling capabilities to enhance system automation. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of hardware safety precautions and highlights key features including sensors, actuators, and control systems, which contribute to the overall efficiency and smooth operation of the self-guided logistics vehicle system. By integrating these elements, the system can overcome obstacles, ensure material safety, and adapt to changing traffic conditions, thereby optimizing logistics operations in industries and warehouses.
Using a Next-Gen Platform and Deeply Digital Curricula to Support Alpha and iGen Learners and Their Teachers
Current curricula and pedagogy need to change to effectively support the learning needs of the Alphas and iGens. The Alpha Generation, children born after 2012, known as the “digital-first” generation, have grown up on hand-held, digital screens not watching television or reading paper-based books. Similarly, the iGens, also known as Gen Zs, university students born between 1995 and 2012, are the first generation to spend their entire adolescence in the age of the smartphone. "With social media and texting replacing other activities, iGen spends less time with their friends in person” (Twenge, 2017). The COVID disruption further pushed the Alphas and iGens onto screens for social interaction and learning. Returning to paper-and-pencil curricula and pedagogy does not serve the needs of these generations. The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) (2010) issued a prescient report describing the potential for deeply-digital curricula to “provide a richer and more engaging experience through interactive components, videos, simulations, hyperlinks …” (p. 77). Alphas' and iGens' deeply-digital experiences outside of school have them expecting deeply-digital learning experiences inside of school. Toward addressing the learning needs of Alphas in Kindergarten through sixth grade and iGen university students, we have been studying how deeply-digital, highly-interactive curricula plus digitally-motivated, pedagogical practices can increase their engagement and achievement in both in-class and remote learning environments.
Implementation of the High-Performance Computing Summer Institute at Jackson State University
Between May 25, 2023 and June 21, 2023, we hosted the inaugural four-week High-Performance Computing Summer Institute at Jackson State University. This endeavor was made possible through the support of a three-year NSF CISE-MSI grant. The primary objective of this Summer Institute revolved around the engagement, education, and empowerment of minority and underrepresented students in the realm of High-Performance Computing (HPC) within the field of engineering. Nine undergraduate students with diverse background were recruited to participate in this program. Throughout the program, we immersed these students in a comprehensive curriculum that covered various critical facets of HPC. This curriculum encompassed hands-on instruction in Linux operating system command-line operations, C programming within the Linux environment, fundamental HPC concepts, parallel computing utilizing the Message Passing Interface (MPI) library, and GPU computing through OpenCL. Additionally, we delved into foundational aspects of fluid mechanics, geometric modeling, mesh generation, flow simulation via our in-house flow solvers, and the visualization of solutions. At the end of the program, every participant was tasked with delivering an oral presentation and submitting a written report encapsulating their acquired knowledge and experiences during the program. We are excited to share a detailed overview of our program's implementation with our audience. This includes insights into our utilization of ChatGPT to enhance C programming learning and our suggestion of the NSF ACCESS resources to gain access to HPC systems. We are proud to announce that the program has achieved remarkable success, as evidenced by the positive feedback we received from the participants.
Modulation of Photoactive Nanocomposite Cu Doped SnO2 Anchored on G-C3N4 Polymeric Sheets by Green Synthesis and Degradation of Dye Malachite Green
Wastewater containing harmful dyes such as Malachite green poses a significant environmental challenge because of its high levels of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and toxicity. To address this issue, we developed a photocatalyst consisting of Cu doped SnO2 nanocomposite supported onto g-C3N4 using green synthesis method with the assistance of Murraya paniculata leaves extract. To know about the structural, morphological chemical composition of the synthesized heterojunction several techniques of characterization techniques were employed such as XPS, XRD, BET, HRTEM, FESEM, EDAX and UV-Vis spectra. XRD results shows the spherical shape of the particles with the mean grain size of 2.18 and 2.14 nm for Cu doped SnO2 and Cu doped SnO2/g-C3N4 respectively. HRTEM results reveal that the fabricated Cu doped SnO2 shows formation of very small size spherical nanoparticles. The heterojunction Cu doped SnO2/g-C3N4 showed 2-D sheeted structure of g-C3N4 which acts as a translucent layer that captured sphere shaped Cu doped SnO2 NPs. The XPS analysis verifies the existence of Sn, Cu, O, C and N in the synthesized heterojunction. The UV-Visible spectra helped to demonstrate the effective inhibition of plasmonic exciton annihilation within the heterojunction nanocomposite. When exposed to solar light, the designed nanocomposite heterojunction exhibited superior photocatalytic activity in the degradation of MG compared to undoped g-C3N4 and Cu doped SnO2 binary nanocomposite. Radical scavenging studies indicated that •O2– radicals were the principle species accountable for the degradation of MG by the nanocomposite heterojunction. The dye MG photodegraded with pseudo-first order kinetics. The excellent photocatalytic performance and recyclability of nanocomposite can be attributed to its greater surface area, improved separation efficiency of excited e--h+ pairs and superior absorption of visible light.
Content Specific Keyboard Layout Design for Smart Tv Applications
This research aims to propose a genetic algorithm based methodology to design optimum keyboard layout for video streaming applications designed for smart TVs. Users need to use the arrow buttons on their remote controls to type the title of the movie or the TV show they are searching for. We downloaded approximately 9 million movie and TV show titles from the Internet Movie Database (IMDB) website. After data preprocessing, we calculated the frequency of letter sequences in these titles and used genetic algorithms to determine the optimum keyboard layout that would minimize the total number of clicks required to type the title using arrow buttons on a remote control. The proposed keyboard layout is tested using the movie titles in IMBD Top 100 list and compared with standard QWERTY keyboard and three other keyboards in alphabetical order. It was confirmed that the proposed keyboard layout required fewer number of clicks than other keyboard layouts in 83 titles and tied with one of the other keyboards in 4 titles.
A Case Study of Taking AP Computer Science Principles (AP CSP): A Student’s Perspective
With the increased demand for computer science degrees in the work force, computer science is becoming more prominent in high schools. AP Computer Science Principles (AP CSP) is a course that serves as a bridge into computer science. Code.org provides a year long curriculum for this AP course to be led by teachers in the classroom. Beyond an analysis of the pass rates of students, and with the recency of the AP CSP course, a reflection of the AP CSP curriculum from the student’s perspective, is in order. This study breaks down the strengths and weaknesses of AP CSP from a student’s perspective. Results show there are many strengths in relation to the Code.org curriculum. However, AP CSP can be a little challenging in motivating and engaging students if not executed properly by the teacher.
Proposing a New Health Model: Merging Latinx Traditional Medicine Curanderismo with Modern Allopathic Practice
Authors of this article, professors at the University of New Mexico Eliseo Cheo Torres and Mario Del Angel-Guevara, currently teach English and Spanish courses on traditional medicine from Mexico, the southwest and other countries. The authors propose that the Latinx community reclaim and learn more about this traditional medicine that has been part of Hispanic/Latinx culture for hundreds of years. They propose that traditional medicine be merged with modern allopathic medicine in order to meet the needs of the uninsured and become an integral part of the Latinx culture in the United States. Curanderismo traditional medicine can be integrated into modern medicine in a number of professions such as psychology, nursing, physical therapy, midwifery, and general medical practice. The article starts by providing a description of the roles and backgrounds of traditional healers and how they support classes for the community followed by national and international pioneers in merging both medicines and the creation of a new health model.
Training Architects as Activists: Social Sustainably in the Studio
This paper discusses the application of social sustainability to architecture through a second-year graduate architecture studio focused on urban buildings. I designed the Urban Design Studio in such a way that future faculty could choose assignments between five socially sustainable equity issues: housing, food insecurity, transportation equity, access to opportunities, and environmental health. This supports the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) graduate curriculum by focusing on sustainable practices, including activism in architecture. Using the built environment as a platform, the students learn to promote equity, especially in the urban environment. The students research on equity topics, adopt a position on a selected issue, and begin to develop a site, program, and building form around their issue. Architecture has a unique ability to influence social sustainability through equity, especially if we shift our design practices to support disenfranchised populations. Buildings can provide more than social markers. They can create locations that empower local communities. The question is, how do we teach a process that instills this as foundational to quality design? My studio’s process not only establishes a foundational knowledge of building within an urban context, but also provides a firm grounding of activism as central to architectural practice.
The common first step for water treatment is removing the particulate impurities by coagulation and flocculation. The conventional treatment uses polyvalent salts such as aluminum sulfate, iron (III) chloride, and synthetic polymers as coagulating agents which leads to potential toxicity. The purpose of this study is to identify environmentally friendly natural products as coagulant agents for water treatment. Four plant seeds (Amaranth, chia, quinoa, and wheat germ), corn cob, orange peel, and avocado peel were tested. Turbidity measurements were conducted with a wireless, portable turbidity sensor. Data was collected on a smartphone. The performance of the turbidity sensor was evaluated by preparation of a calibration curve (r2 = 0.9928). Results show that all four plant seeds and avocado peel demonstrated the ability to decrease the turbidity of the water sample. Among the four seeds that were studied, Amaranth and chia were identified as the top two natural coagulant agents. Inter-day and Intra-day studies were performed for the turbidity measurements. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was found to be less than 10%, indicating the method has good precision. The method can serve as a point-of-use water treatment in remote areas of developing countries with limited resources.
Culture-specific Lexical Units as a Means of Reflecting the Realia of the World around Us on the Material of Kazakh, English, Russian and Turkish Fairy Tales
Lingua-cultural study explores the relationship between language and culture in their functioning as the "cultural identity" of the nation as a whole, and of a single linguistic personality and describes the structure of the linguistic picture of the world. The interaction of language and culture is especially clearly traced through the functioning of the word-concept in proverbs and sayings, phraseological units, literary texts, folklore. Culturological study of concepts is associated with the study of texts in which these concepts are fixed and verbalized as a reflection of national culture and consciousness. In this regard, the study of the concepts of culture on the material of folklore texts seems to be especially relevant. Folklore is the repository of national culture. Folklore texts are an integral part of the vocabulary of the language, reflecting the specific features of the material and spiritual culture of the people, their national mentality. Fairy tales have a special place among folklore texts. This article is dedicated to analyzing culture-specific lexical units as a means of reflecting the realia of the world around us (on the material of Kazakh, English, Russian and Turkish fairy tales).
Problem-Based Learning for Calculating Kinetic Parameters from Michaelis-Menten Equation
In “Advanced Enzymology” at the University of Barcelona, we teach various methods for identifying uni-uni irreversible reactions. Kinetic constants such as maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) are calculated using non-linear regression with the Michaelis-Menten equation. However, if a computer is not available, students must calculate these kinetic parameters using linear regressions with Lineweaver-Burk, Eadie-Hofstee, and Hanes-Woolf plots. Michaelis-Menten equation: v = (Vmax [S]) / (Km + [S]), Lineweaver-Burk equation: 1/v = (Km/Vmax) (1/[S]) + 1/Vmax, Eadie-Hofstee equation: v = – Km (v/[S]) + Vmax, Hanes-Woolf equation: [S]/v = (1/Vmax) [S] + (Km/Vmax). The objective of this work was that students explore various methods for calculating kinetic constants and determine the most effective approach. A problem was prepared with data on substrate concentrations ([S]) and reaction rates (v). Data points with lower substrate concentration, and also with lower velocities had higher errors. The Michaelis-Menten plot provided only an approximate estimation of the kinetic constants, as it is not a linear graph. The Lineweaver-Burk plot generated maximum velocities that were too low due to the higher errors for low substrate concentrations, rendering impossible values of the kinetic parameters. The Eadie-Hofstee plot provided better results, as the values of v/[S] compensated their errors. Furthermore, kinetic constants were obtained directly from the slope and intersection of the line equation. The Hanes-Woolf plot also produced correct values for kinetic parameters, since high substrate concentrations were less erroneous than lower ones. After completing this computer class, students were very satisfied and learned the different methods for obtaining kinetic parameters. Non-linear regression is undoubtedly the most accurate method for obtaining kinetic parameters values. However, in the absence of computers, the Eadie-Hofstee plot is the best and most commonly used plot in kinetic papers.
Self-learning by Using Code-Based Games: An Easy Way to Learn Biomolecule’s Nomenclature
The Montessori method was an educational model devised at the beginning of the 20th century by the Italian pedagogue, physician, psychologist, and psychiatrist María Montessori (1870-1952). She observed that her students activated their intelligence and developed their personality by carrying out manual activities. In recent years, one of the activities that she used, gamification, is currently booming in teaching. Games based in words or letters are often used in language learning, either in presential lessons or in mobile applications. In our teaching innovation group (GINDOC-UB/180), we proposed to adapt those word games using codes so that students could achieve a self-learning on the nomenclature of biomolecules, thus improving their knowledge in metabolism. These code-based games were proposed to Biochemistry students at the Chemistry degree of the Universitat de Barcelona. Games were posted on the Virtual Campus using Moodle. A code is part of a communicative system, and it is defined as a set of elements that allows a message to be decoded. In biochemistry, the best-known code is the genetic code that translates 3 nucleotides to an amino acid. The code allows the students to see that it is a degenerated code, and it was the first code-based game used. Nevertheless, only 20 amino acids are involved, and some letters are missing. Thus, we also used other codes such as numeric codes, Morse code, Braille system code, or codes from other alphabets (Japanese katakana or hiragana, Cyrillic alphabet, Arabic alphabet, or runic alphabet). In this work some examples of the games that can be proposed to the students are shown. Proposed games were highly valued by students and allowed a self-learning on the proposed biomolecules. Games based on the genetic code were easier and more enjoyable for the students to solve, and they provided them with additional biochemical knowledge of protein translation.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology
Producing College Sports for ESPN: A Vygotskian Approach
In 2019 the Mid-Atlantic Athletic Conference signed an agreement with ESPN to stream men’s and women’s basketball games on its affiliated streaming service. In response, the Manhattan College Communication Department developed a Sports Media Production program to teach undergraduate students the basics of live sports production. The goal was for undergraduate students to participate in the production of forty games per year, including shooting, editing, generating replays, inserting graphics, and mixing five tracks of audio. Over the past three years approximately eighty students have taken part in these live productions, with audiences ranging from several hundred to ten thousand. This paper will explore the successes and challenges of developing a program of instruction out of a public/private partnership. Through the implementation of Vygotsky’s Scaffolding theory, students are immersed in both learning and teaching production from the moment each new season begins, while simultaneously exploring significant issues in Sport and Media Studies as part of the curriculum.