An Examination of Learning Using Fourier Analysis of Mathematical Models of Consciousness

Mary Foss, Yucheng Liu, Shantia Yarahmadian
415 86

Abstract


The concept of consciousness remains quite possibly the ultimate mystery for humanity.  It is somehow linked to the ability to learn and experience the external environment.  The process of learning is of utmost importance to any species and yet remains largely not understood.  While many experts from varying fields throughout history have attempted to quantify and measure learning, all failed to capture the process with a mathematical explanation.  The purpose of this paper is to present three different models of consciousness and their related Fourier transform and evaluate the ability of each to capture some of the behavior that is understood about the conscious experience.  There is some evidence that the experience of consciousness as a function of time can be measured in an expression of phase.  With this hypothesis, the technique of Fourier transform becomes a useful tool to examine a mathematical model of consciousness that can be transformed from the phase plane to the linearization of time.  This paper summarizes some current research on consciousness and learning and perception of time.  This paper then presents three different models of consciousness represented as a pulse function, Dirac Delta function, and exponential decay function and examines each model utilizing Fourier transform.  Finally, this paper concludes that the intersection between psychology, neuroscience and cognitive science can be made by utilizing analysis tools in the field of applied mathematics.


Keywords


Consciousness, mathematical model of learning, fourier transform, project-based learning

Full Text:

PDF

References


Chalmers, D. (1996). The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory. Oxford University Press, New York.

Chalmers, D. (2010). The Character of Consciousness. Philosophy of Mind. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford.

Di Lernia, D., Serino, S., Pezzulo, G., Pedroli, E., Cipresso, P., Riva, G., (2018). Feel the Time. Time Perception as a Function of Interoceptive Processing, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12. 74. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00074

Droit-Volet, S., (2017). Time dilation in children and adults: The idea of a slower internal clock in young children tested with different click frequencies, Behavioural Processes, Volume 138, Pages 152-159, ISSN 0376-6357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2017.03.005.

Droit-Volet, S. Coull, J. (2016). Distinct developmental trajectories for explicit and implicit timing, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Volume 150, Pages 141-154, ISSN 0022-0965, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.05.010.

Droit-Volet, S., Lamotte, M,. Izaute, M., (2015) The conscious awareness of time distortions regulates the effect of emotion on the perception of time, Consciousness and Cognition, Volume 38, Pages 155-164, ISSN 1053-8100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.02.021.

Fayolle, S., Gil, S. Droit-Volet, S., (2015). Fear and time: Fear speeds up the internal clock, Behavioural Processes, Volume 120, Pages 135-140, ISSN 0376-6357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2015.09.014.

Foss, M., Liu, Y.-C, Yarahmadian, S., (2022). An Evaluation of Mathematical Models and Stability Analysis of Learning Based on Reaction Kinetics. International Journal on Engineering, Science, and Technology, 4(4), 322-343.

Foss, M., Liu, Y.-C., (2021). Creating solutions through project-based and experimental learning: A case study of the Concept Center, International Journal of Engineering Education, 37(6), 1630-1642.

Foss, M., Liu, Y.-C., (2021) Developing creativity through project-based learning. Proceedings of Wasatch Aerospace and Systems Engineering Mini-Conference, virtual conference, April 15-16, 2021.

Foss, M., Liu, Y.-C, (2022). Lessons Learned from 5 Years of Parent Daughter Engineering Outreach: Using Project-Based Learning to Introduce Families to Engineering Disciplines, Proceedings of 2022 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Minneapolis, MN, June 26 – 29, 2022.

Foss, M., Liu, Y.-C, (2020). Project-based learning center to bridge to students with technology. Proceedings of 2020 Intermountain Engineering Technology and Computing (IETC), Orem, UT, USA, September 2020.

Foss, M., Liu, Y.-C, Yarahmadian, S., (2022). Project-based learning in engineering education in a virtual setting: A case study on materials and manufacturing process and applied statistics. International Journal of Engineering Education, 39(5A), 1377-1388.

Foss, M., Liu, Y.-C, (2022). Promoting Sustainable Development Goals through Project-Based Learning: A Case Study of the Concept Center. Proceedings of the 1st International Academy Conference on the Sustainable Development Goals, October 5 – 7, 2022, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA.

Gamez, D., (2014). The Measurement of Consciousness: A framework for the Scientific Study of Consciousness, Frontiers in Psychology, 5.

Illeris, K., (2018). Contemporary Theories of Learning: learning theorists… In Their Own Words. Routledge, London, UK.

Joye, S., (2017). Tuning the Mind in the Frequency Domain: Karl Pribram’s Holonomic Brain Theory and David Bohm’s Implicate Order. Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, 13(2), 166–184. Retrieved from https://cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/601

Kleiner, J., (2020). Mathematical Models of Consciousness. Entropy, 22, 609. https://doi.org/10.3390/e22060609

Lake, J. I., Meck, W., (2013). Differential effects of amphetamine and haloperidol on temporal reproduction: Dopaminergic regulation of attention and clock speed, Neuropsychologia, Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 284-292, ISSN 0028-3932, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.014.

Logan, J.D., (2003). Applied Mathematics, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ.

Lucas, C., Briders, S., Griffiths, T., Gopnik, A., (2014). When children are better (or at least more open-minded) learners than adults: Developmental difference in learning the forms of causal relationships, Cognition, 131, 284-299.

Malapani, C., Fairhurst, S., (2002). Scalar Timing in Animals and Humans, Learning and Motivation, Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 156-176, ISSN 0023-9690, https://doi.org/10.1006/lmot.2001.1105.

Namazi, H., Kulish, K., (2012). A mathematical based definition of human

consciousness. Mathematics in Engineering, Science and Aeorospace. 3. 189-198.

Ordahl, L., (1911). Consciousness in Relation to Learning, The American Journal of Psychology, 22(2), p 158-213.

Pribram, K. H., Carlton, E. H., (1986). Holonomic brain theory in imaging and object perception, Acta Psychologica, 63(2), Pages 175-210,

Rudrauf, D., Bennequin, D., Granic, I., Landini, G., Friston, K., & Williford, K. (2017). A mathematical model of embodied consciousness. Journal of theoretical biology, 428, 106–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.05.032

Sarigiannidis, I., Grillon, C., Ernst, M., Roiser, J. P., Robinson, O. J., (2020). Anxiety makes time pass quicker while fear has no effect, Cognition, Volume 197, 104116, ISSN 0010-0277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104116.

Scheider, S., Velmans, M., (2017). The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness, Second Edition. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ.

Schneider, J., (2013). Remembrance of Things Past: A History of the Socratic Method in the United States. Curriculum Inquiry 43, no. 5: 613–40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23524643.

Seth, A. K., Dienes, Z., Cleeremans, A., Overgaard, M., Pessoa, L., (2008). Measuring consciousness: relating behavioural and neurophysiological approaches, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Volume 12, Issue 8, Pages 314-321

Tyler, C., (2020). Ten Testable Properties of Consciousness, Frontiers in Psychology, 11: 1144.

Wearden, J. H., (2013). The cognitive neuroscience of time perception: How psychological studies might help to dissect the timing system, Neuropsychologia, Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 187-190, ISSN 0028-3932,

Wearden, J. H., (2015). Passage of time judgements, Consciousness and Cognition, Volume 38, Pages 165-171, ISSN 1053-8100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.06.005.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.46328/ijonest.209

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology

Abstracting/Indexing


 

 


International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology (IJonEST)-ISSN: 2642-4088

 


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
 
 
.