Contamination Effects in Photosynthetic Pigments and their Statistical Data Processing of Populus Plants in Metalurgicall Area

Abstract

Leaves, because different mechanisms and structures that contribute to absorption reflection and transmission, appear as an environment with high heterogeneity, the optical properties of which depend on multiple dispersal of inside radiation (Bushmann et al., 1998). Diffusion of radiation inside the leaf determines the average optical path of the radiation, which exceeds several times the thickness of the leaf and thus, causes an additional effect on the radiation absorbed (Gitelson et al, 1996).This increases the probability that a large part of the radiation captured by pigments. In plants, chlorophyll is a pigment directly involved in the conversion of light energy into chemical energy. The main photoreceptor in chloroplasts of higher plant, is chlorophyll a. In addition to chlorophyll a, they contain chlorophyll b and carotenoids. Structurally, all types of chlorophyll are similar to each other. They all contain four pyrrole rings (also called porphyrin), which are bonded together with double bonds of methane (CH =) which determine the spectroscopic properties of these pigments. The skeleton of each pyrrole ring is composed of five atoms (four carbon and one nitrogen), with the magnesium atom in the center as the nucleus (fig. 1.9), (Lichtenthaler et al., 1987; Lichtenthaler et al., 2004).

Measuring the parameters of Chl fluorescence are increasingly used in the last three decades of research in photosynthesis and plant ecology. Greater efforts in scientific research, in recent times, are made discoveries because relations - a result that exist between phenomena. The process of discovery of these deterministic models in terms of the science of statistics, explained by the association. While quantitative expression of the form and extent of connections between phenomena appear through regression and correlation. Contamination effect reflected on photosynthetic activity of leaves was very high particularly on plants located nearer the metallurgical units. The elements monitored in the metallurgical area are: air suspended solids (LNP), solids with particle dimensions less than 10 microns (PM10), lead content (Pb) in the air, sulfur dioxide content ( SO2) in air, nitrogen dioxide content (NO2) in air, ozone content (O3) in air. In this territory the operators exercise their activity: Steel plant, "Kurum", cement factory "ECF", Ferro-Chrome plant "ACR" sh.p.k., former DARFO.